了解encoder-decoder使用代码例子

import numpy as np
from keras.layers import Input, LSTM, Dense
from keras.models import Model

# 定义输入序列长度和输出序列长度
input_len = 10
output_len = 5

# 定义输入和输出的维度
input_dim = 1
output_dim = 1

# 定义LSTM单元的数量
num_units = 32

# 定义输入层
inputs = Input(shape=(input_len, input_dim))

# 定义编码器
encoder = LSTM(num_units, return_state=True)
encoder_outputs, state_h, state_c = encoder(inputs)

# 保留编码器的状态作为解码器的初始状态
encoder_states = [state_h, state_c]

# 定义解码器
decoder_inputs = Input(shape=(output_len, output_dim))
decoder_lstm = LSTM(num_units, return_sequences=True, return_state=True)
decoder_outputs, _, _ = decoder_lstm(decoder_inputs, initial_state=encoder_states)
decoder_dense = Dense(output_dim, activation='linear')
decoder_outputs = decoder_dense(decoder_outputs)

# 定义模型
model = Model([inputs, decoder_inputs], decoder_outputs)

# 编译模型
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='mse')

# 定义训练数据
X_train = np.random.rand(100, input_len, input_dim)
Y_train = np.random.rand(100, output_len, output_dim)

# 训练模型
model.fit([X_train, Y_train], Y_train, epochs=100, batch_size=10)

# 使用模型进行预测
X_test = np.random.rand(1, input_len, input_dim)
decoder_input_test = np.zeros((1, output_len, output_dim))
decoder_input_test[0, 0, 0] = 1
predictions = model.predict([X_test, decoder_input_test])

# 打印预测结果
print(predictions)

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers

class MultiHeadSelfAttention(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, num_heads=8):
        super(MultiHeadSelfAttention, self).__init__()
        self.embed_dim = embed_dim
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        if embed_dim % num_heads != 0:
            raise ValueError(
                f"embedding dimension = {embed_dim} should be divisible by number of heads = {num_heads}"
            )
        self.projection_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
        self.query_dense = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
        self.key_dense = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
        self.value_dense = layers.Dense(embed_dim)
        self.combine_heads = layers.Dense(embed_dim)

    def attention(self, query, key, value):
        score = tf.matmul(query, key, transpose_b=True)
        dim_key = tf.cast(tf.shape(key)[-1], tf.float32)
        scaled_score = score / tf.math.sqrt(dim_key)
        weights = tf.nn.softmax(scaled_score, axis=-1)
        output = tf.matmul(weights, value)
        return output, weights

    def separate_heads(self, x, batch_size):
        x = tf.reshape(x, (batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.projection_dim))
        return tf.transpose(x, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])

    def call(self, inputs):
        batch_size = tf.shape(inputs)[0]
        query = self.query_dense(inputs)
        key = self.key_dense(inputs)
        value = self.value_dense(inputs)
        query = self.separate_heads(query, batch_size)
        key = self.separate_heads(key, batch_size)
        value = self.separate_heads(value, batch_size)
        attention, weights = self.attention(query, key, value)
        attention = tf.transpose(attention, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
        concat_attention = tf.reshape(attention, (batch_size, -1, self.embed_dim))
        output = self.combine_heads(concat_attention)
        return output

class TransformerBlock(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, num_heads, ff_dim, rate=0.1):
        super(TransformerBlock, self).__init__()
        self.att = MultiHeadSelfAttention(embed_dim, num_heads)
        self.ffn = tf.keras.Sequential(
            [layers.Dense(ff_dim, activation="relu"), layers.Dense(embed_dim),]
        )
        self.layernorm1 = layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.layernorm2 = layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.dropout1 = layers.Dropout(rate)
        self.dropout2 = layers.Dropout(rate)

    def call(self, inputs, training):
        attn_output = self.att(inputs)
        attn_output = self.dropout1(attn_output, training=training)
        out1 = self.layernorm1(inputs + attn_output)
        ffn_output = self.ffn(out1)
        ffn_output = self.dropout2(ffn_output, training=training)
        return self.layernorm2(out1 + ffn_output)

class TokenAndPositionEmbedding(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, maxlen, vocab_size, embed_dim):
        super(TokenAndPositionEmbedding, self).__init__()
        self.token_emb = layers.Embedding(input_dim=vocab_size, output_dim=embed_dim)
        self.pos_emb = layers.Embedding(input_dim=maxlen, output_dim=embed_dim)

    def call(self, x):
        maxlen = tf.shape(x)[-1]
        positions = tf.range(start=0, limit=maxlen, delta=1)
        positions = self.pos_emb(positions)
        x = self.token_emb(x)
        return x + positions

embed_dim = 32  # Embedding size for each token
num_heads = 2  # Number of attention heads
ff_dim = 32  # Hidden layer size in feed forward network inside transformer

inputs = layers.Input(shape=(maxlen,))
embedding_layer = TokenAndPositionEmbedding(maxlen, vocab_size, embed_dim)
x = embedding_layer(inputs)
transformer_block = TransformerBlock(embed_dim, num_heads, ff_dim)
x = transformer_block(x)
x = layers.GlobalAveragePooling1D()(x)
x = layers.Dropout(0.1)(x)
x = layers.Dense(20, activation="relu")(x)
x = layers.Dropout(0.1)(x)
outputs = layers.Dense(1, activation="sigmoid")(x)

model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)